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| Marnie Johnson RN Nursing Supervisor |
Paige Lance RN |
| Johnsm3@lpha.mopublic.org |
lancep@lpha.mopublic.org |
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Everyone needs vaccinations! |
How do I know when to take my baby in
for shots?
Your healthcare provider should give you a reminder when the
next doses are due. If you are not sure, call your clinic or
health- care provider’s office to find out when you should
bring your child back. Doses cannot be given too close together
or immunity doesn’t have time to build up. On the other
hand, you don’t want to delay your child’s shots
and get behind schedule because during this time, your child
remains unprotected against these diseases. |
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What if I miss an appointment? Does my
baby have to start the vaccines all over again?
No. If your baby misses some doses, it’s not necessary
to start over. Your provider will continue from where he or
she left off. |
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How do I keep track of my baby’s
shots?
Your healthcare provider should give you a personal record card
for your child’s vaccinations. If you don’t receive
one, ask! Bring the card to all medical appointments. Whenever
your child receives a vaccine, make sure the card gets updated.
Your child will benefit by retaining an accurate vaccination
record throughout his or her life.
What if my child isn’t a baby anymore? Is it too late
to get him or her vaccinated?
No. Although it’s best to have your child be¬gin vaccinations
as a newborn, it’s never too late to start. If your child
has not received any, or all, of his or her vaccinations, now
is the best time to start. |
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What if I can’t afford to get my
child vaccinated?
Vaccinations are usually free or low cost for children when
families can’t afford them. You can call the CDC-INFO
Contact Center at (800) 232-4636 or your local health department
to find out where to go for affordable vaccinations. Your child’s
health depends on it! |
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A friendly reminder for parents:
Adults need vaccinations, too! Call your clinic or health department
to find out what vaccinations you might need or when your next
ones are due. Your baby is counting on you! |
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What are vaccinations?
Vaccinations (vaccines) protect your child against serious diseases
by stimulating the immune system to create antibodies against
certain bacteria or viruses. Most vaccinations are given as
injections. |
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What diseases do vaccines protect against?
Vaccines protect against diseases like measles, mumps, rubella,
influenza, hepatitis B, hepatitis A, polio, tetanus, whooping
cough, chickenpox, rotavirus, and more. Vaccines can’t
protect children from minor illnesses like colds, but they can
keep children safe from many serious diseases.
Isn’t
all this talk about diseases just a way to scare parents so
they’ll bring their babies in for shots?
No. These diseases can injure and kill children in the United
States. For example, pertussis is a dangerous disease for infants.
During 1997–2000, nearly 30,000 pertussis cases were reported;
62 resulted in death. In 2003 alone, 11,647 cases and 18 deaths
from pertussis were reported. Influenza also takes a toll on
children. During the 2003–04 influenza season, 40 states
reported 152 influenza-related deaths among children younger
than 18 years of age. |
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I don’t know anybody who has had
measles or rubella. Why does my baby need these shots?
You might not think that measles and rubella are a threat today
because you don’t see or hear much about them, but they
are still around. These diseases are common in other parts of
the world and are just a plane ride away. If we stop vaccinating
against these
diseases, many more people will become infected. Vaccinating
your child will keep him or her safe. |
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Isn’t there some way besides vaccination
to protect my baby against these diseases?
No. Breastfeeding offers temporary immunity against some minor
infections like colds, but it is not an effective means of protecting
a child from the specific diseases preventable by vaccines.
Likewise, vitamins don’t protect against the specific
bacteria and viruses that cause these serious diseases.
Of course, infection usually results in immunity, and some parents
think that getting the “natural” disease is preferable
to “artificial” vaccination. Some even arrange chickenpox
“parties” to ensure their child is infected. However,
the price paid for natural disease can include paralysis, retardation,
liver cancer, deafness, blindness, or even death. Vaccination
is definitely a better choice! |
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Are vaccinations safe?
Vaccines are safe, and scientists continually work to make sure
they become even safer. Every vaccine undergoes many tests before
being licensed, and its safety continues to be
monitored as long as the vaccine is in use. Most side effects
from vaccination are minor, such as soreness where the injection
was given or a low-grade fever. These side
effects do not last long and are treatable. Serious reactions
are very rare. The tiny
risk of a serious vaccine reaction has to be weighed against
the very real risk of getting
a dangerous vaccine-preventable disease. If you have concerns
or questions, talk to your child’s healthcare provider.
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What if my baby has a cold or fever, or
is taking antibiotics? Can he or she still get vaccinated?
Yes. Your child can still be vaccinated if he or she has a mild
illness, a low-grade fever, or is taking antibiotics. Ask your
child’s healthcare provider if you have questions.
How many times do I need to bring my baby in for vaccinations?
At least five visits are needed before age two, but the visits
can be timed to coincide with well-child check-ups. Your baby
should get the first vaccine (hepatitis B) shortly after birth,
while still in the hospital. Multiple visits during the first
two years are necessary because there are 14 diseases your baby
can be protected against, and most require several doses of
vaccine for the best protection. |
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Catch-up Immunization Schedule
for Persons Aged 4 Months–18 Years Who Start Late or
Who Are More Than 1 Month Behind |
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| UNITED STATES • 2008 |
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| CATCH-UP SCHEDULE FOR PERSONS AGED 4 MONTHS–6
YEARS |
| Vaccine |
Minimum Age for Dose 1
Minimum Interval Between Doses
Dose 3 to Dose 4
Dose 4 to Dose 5
Dose 1 to Dose 2
Dose 2 to Dose 3
Birth |
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| Hepatitis B1 |
4 weeks
8 weeks(and 16 weeks after first dose)
4 weeks
4 weeks |
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| Rotavirus2 |
6 wks
4 weeks
4 weeks
6 months
6 months3 |
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| Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis3 |
6 wks
4 weeks4
if current age is younger than 12 months
8 weeks
(as final dose)4
if current age is 12 months or older and
second dose administered at younger than 15 months of age
No further doses needed
if previous dose administered at age 15 months or older
8 weeks (as final dose)
This dose only necessary for children aged 12 months–5
years who received 3 doses before age 12 months |
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| Haemophilus influenzae type b4 |
6 wks
4 weeks
if first dose administered at younger than 12 months of age
8 weeks (as final dose)
if first dose administered at age 12 months or older or current
age 24–59 months
No further doses needed
for healthy children if first dose administered at age 24 months
or older
6 wks
4 weeks
if current age is younger than 12 months
8 weeks
(as final dose)
if current age is 12 months or older
No further
doses needed
for healthy children if previous dose administered at age 24
months or older
8 weeks (as final dose)
This dose only necessary for children aged 12 months–5
years who received 3 doses before age 12 months |
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| Pneumococcal5 |
6 wks
4 weeks
4 weeks
4 weeks6 |
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Inactivated Poliovirus6
Measles,Mumps, Rubella7 |
4 weeks
12 mos |
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| Varicella8 |
3 months
12 mos
6 months |
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| Hepatitis A9 |
| 12 mos CATCH-UP SCHEDULE
FOR PERSONS AGED 7–18 YEARS
4 weeks if first dose administered at younger
than12 months of age
6 months
if first dose administered at age 12 months or older
6 months
if first dose administered at younger than 12 months of age
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| Tetanus,Diphtheria/Tetanus,Diphtheria,Pertussis10 |
7 yrs10
4 weeks
9 yrs |
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| Human Papillomavirus11 |
4 weeks
12 mos |
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| Hepatitis A9 |
| 6 months |
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| Hepatitis B1 |
Birth
8 weeks
(and 16 weeks after first dose)
4 weeks
4 weeks
6 wks
4 weeks |
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| Inactivated Poliovirus6 |
4 weeks6
12 mos |
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| Measles, Mumps, Rubella7 |
4 weeks
4 weeks
if first dose administered at age 13 years or older
3
months
if first dose administered at younger than 13 years of age
12 mos |
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Varicella8
1. Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB).
• Administer the 3-dose series to those who were not previously
vaccinated.
• A 2-dose series of Recombivax HB® is licensed for
children aged 11–15 years.
2. Rotavirus vaccine (Rota).
• Do not start the series later than age 12 weeks.
• Administer the final dose in the series by age 32 weeks.
• Do not administer a dose later than age 32 weeks.
• Data on safety and efficacy outside of these age ranges
are insufficient.
3. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis
vaccine (DTaP).
• The fifth dose is not necessary if the fourth dose was
administered at age 4 years or older.
• DTaP is not indicated for persons aged 7 years or older.
4. Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate
vaccine (Hib).
• Vaccine is not generally recommended for children aged
5 years or older.
• If current age is younger than 12 months and the first
2 doses were PRP-OMP (PedvaxHIB® or ComVax® [Merck]),
the third (and final) dose should be administered at age 12–15
months and at least 8 weeks after the second dose.
• If first dose was administered at age 7–11 months,
administer 2 doses separated by 4 weeks plus a booster at age
12–15 months.
5. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV).
• Administer one dose of PCV to all healthy children aged
24–59 months having any incomplete schedule.
• For children with underlying medical conditions, administer
2 doses of PCV at least 8 weeks apart if previously received
less than 3 doses, or 1 dose of PCV if previously received 3
doses.
6. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV).
• For children who received an all-IPV or all-oral poliovirus
(OPV) series, a fourth dose is not necessary if third dose was
administered at age 4 years or older.
• If both OPV and IPV were administered as part of a series,
a total of 4 doses should be administered, regardless of the
child’s current age.
• IPV is not routinely recommended for persons aged 18
years and older.
7. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR).
• The second dose of MMR is recommended routinely at age
4–6 years but may be administered earlier if desired.
• If not previously vaccinated, administer 2 doses of
MMR during any visit with 4 or more weeks between the doses.
8. Varicella vaccine.
• The second dose of varicella vaccine is recommended
routinely at age 4–6 years but may be administered earlier
if desired.
• Do not repeat the second dose in persons younger than
13 years of age if administered 28 or more days after the first
dose.
9. Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA).
• HepA is recommended for certain groups of children,
including in areas where vaccination programs target older children.
See MMWR 2006;55(No. RR-7):1–23.
10. Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td) and
tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine
(Tdap).
• Tdap should be substituted for a single dose of Td in
the primary catch-up series or as a booster if age appropriate;
use Td for other doses.
• A 5-year interval from the last Td dose is encouraged
when Tdap is used as a booster dose. A booster (fourth) dose
is needed if any of the previous doses were administered at
younger than 12 months of age. Refer to ACIP recommendations
for further information. See MMWR 2006;55(No. RR-3).
11. Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV).
• Administer the HPV vaccine series to females at age
13–18 years if not previously vaccinated.
Information about reporting reactions after immunization is
available online at http://www.vaers.hhs.gov
or by telephone via the 24-hour national toll-free information
line 800-822-7967.Suspected cases of vaccine-preventable diseases
should be reported to the state or local health department.
Additional information, including precautions and contraindications
for immunization, is available from the National Center for
Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines
or telephone, 800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636).
CS113897
Department of Health and Human Services • Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention • Safer • Healthier
• People
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